W.T.O.
THE ONE WORLD MARKET
HISTORY OF W.T.O.
n Great depression of 1930
n 1947 , Geneva : GATT
n Equal opportunity in trade for all
n Push real effective demand
n Tariff reduction for mutual benefit
n Re-Solving trade related disputes
n Better living standards and prosperity
HISTORY OF WTO.. contd..
n First six rounds 1947- 1979
n Tokyo round 1973-1979
n Uruguay round 1986- 1993
n Dunckel proposals
n Market access
n Agriculture
n Textiles
n TRIPS
n TRIMS
n Trade in services
n Institutional matters
GATT Vs. W.T.O.
n 1ST Jan 1948
n Informal
n No permanent secretariat
n Treaty not binding
n Ratification by parliaments not required
n Limited to trade and tariff
n 1st Jan 1995
n Formal
n Secretariat and general council
n Treaty binding on govts
n Ratification by p’ments required
n Includes services, IPR, investments also
SO.. WHAT IS IT NOW?
n Essentially a multi trade agreement
n A corporate body under international law
n The only international organization dealing with global rules of trade b/w nations
n 148+2 nations
n 90% of global trade
n A body of agreements – GATT, GATS, TRIPS, TRIMS
OBJECTIVES OF W.T.O.
n To enlarge production and trade of goods,
n To ensure increase in effective demand
n To ensure full employment and enhancement in standard of living in member countries
n To enlarge trade of services
n To ensure optimum utilization of world resources
n Sustainable development and protection of ecology and environment
MODUS OPERANDI
n Ministerial council, the top policy body
n General council
n Director general
n Councils : DSB, TRPB, CTG, CTS
n Decision by consensus
n MFN : the cornerstone
WHAT DOES IT DO?
n Administration of the trade agreements
n Forum for trade negotiations
n Handles trade disputes: DSB
n Monitors national trade policies: TPRB
n Technical assistance & training for LDCs
n Cooperation with international oganizations. e.g. IMF, IBRD
BENEFITS OF W.T.O.
n Agreements GUARANTEE trade rights to member countries
n ASSURANCE for all concerned
n Greater access to global market for everyone
n Greater choice of suppliers, raw material, components and finished goods
n Perennial buoyancy
n Weeding out cyclical depressions and recessions
n Level playing field for every one
THE AGREEMENTS
GATT
n Relates to trade in goods
n C.T.G. to review
n 11 committees : textile, IT, agriculture, subsidies, anti dumping , market access
n Aims to secure reduction in protection
n Reduction in subsidies, tariff ,QRs
n Increased market access
THE AGREEMENTS.. Contd..
GATS
n Provides guidelines for trade in service
n Aims at trade growth by seeking stable , predictable, fair , non-discriminatory policy environment
n C.T.S. to review
THE AGREEMENTS.. Contd..
TRIPs
n Lays down MINIMUM norms and standards to be adopted for protection of following IPRs—
n Copyrights
n Trademarks
n Industrial designs
n Patents
n Geographical indicators
n Layout designs of ICs
THE AGREEMENTS.. Contd..
TRIMs
n Trade related investments measures
n Advocates free and national level treatment to all investments by member countries
n All member countries to notify and eliminate TRIMs ,inconsistent with Uruguay round
THE MINISTERIAL CONFERENCES
SINGAPORE CONFERENCE- Dec. 1996
n Focus on implementation of Uruguay round
n ITA proposed
n Developed countries push for labor issue
n Developing countries lobby strongly
n Labor standards declared subject of ILO
n Investment & Competition subject of WTO
n Win some- loose some game for both
THE MINISTERIAL CONFERENCES
GENEVA CONFERENCE- May 1998
n Concentrated at implementation issues
n Not much progress made
n R.K. Hegde put forth concerns of developing countries
THE MINISTERIAL CONFERENCES
SEATTLE CONFERENCE– Nov. 1999
n Divergence of opinion over labor issues and market access
n Marked by heavy protests by environmentalists and human right activists
n Maran bats for India
THE MINISTERIAL CONFERENCES
DOHA CONFERENCE– November 2001
n China’s accession
n Voiced food and livelihood concerns of developing countries
n Attempts to include contentious singapore issues foiled by India
n Positive outcomes– tariff reduction, opening of agriculture and services ,farm subsidy reduction
n Amendment in TRIPs to allow access to cheap patented drugs for the developing countries
THE MINISTERIAL CONFERENCES
CANCUN CONFERENCE– Sep. 2003
n Cambodia and Nepal join
n Focus on implementation of DOHA work program
n North- south divide over agriculture subsidy, NAMA
n Consequently… Talks largely failure
n Positive outcome- G 20
THE MINISTERIAL CONFERENCES
HONG KONG CONFERENCE– Dec 2005
n Focused at DOHA work program
n Main thrust areas– agriculture subsidy & NAMA
n Export subsidy in developed countries to go by 2013
n Developing countries to cut import duty as per swiss formula for enhanced NAMA
THE MINISTERIAL CONFERENCES
HONG KONG CONFERENCE.. Contd..
n G-20 expands to G-110
n Special product clause pushed through for protecting livelihood and rural dvlpmt
n Special safeguard measure approved for developing countries
n LDCs to have duty free, quota free access to all countries
n Peak duty and duty escalations to reduce substantially
INDIA’S CONCERNS AT W.T.O.
n Elimination of trade distorting farm subsidies by developed countries
n Minimizing tariff reduction
n Bargaining appropriate policy space for food security, livelihood security and rural development
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE?
n Greater mobility for temporary workers from developing workers
n Policy space to be given to the LDCs
n Rich countries to move beyond
‘ MERCANTILIST MINDSET’
n SPIRIT and not just the letter of WTO to be followed
KEY TERMS…
n Market Access—
The extent to which an imported good or service can compete with the locally produced ones…. Measured by tariff and non tariff measures in supply of cross border goods and services..
KEY TERMS…
n NAMA---
Market access negotiations, in which, participating countries promise an assured degree of access to their market to non agriculture products; e.g. industrial products, fish, rubber, jute, mineral ore etc… e.g. supposedly 3% in case of industrial goods market in India
KEY TERMS…
n Swiss Formula—higher reduction for higher tariffs.. all tariffs to be reduced by a coefficient which would be same for all the countries.. thus it fails to take into account the differing requirements of different countries.. India had rejected this formula earlier on but in Hong Kong round developing countries have had to accede to it on industrial goods , in a quid-pro-quo with the US- EU- Japan axis..
KEY TERMS…
n Special product provisions ( SPP )
A member country can select an appropriate number of products which would not be covered under tariff reduction commitment… these products to be kept in sensitive list.. for India it’s basically dairy products and edible oils..
KEY TERMS…
n Special Safeguard Measures ( SSM )
Any member country can restrict the import of any particular product, temporarily… to protect a specific domestic industry from a potential threat or damage..
KEY TERMS…
n Countervailing duties
Imposed by importing country on the goods that it believes, have been subsidized in the exporting country and thereby, are hurting the domestic industry.
KEY TERMS…
n Dumping
The event in which a particular exporting company/ country, sells its goods below their actual cost of production to the importing country, to unfairly beat the domestic competition and cause injury..
The importing country can impose ANTI- DUMPING DUTY to protect its industry.
KEY TERMS…
n A.T.B.—
AGREEMENT ON TECHNICAL BARRIERS.
In order to ensure a reliable, commonly adopted and agreed set of norms for technical regulations and product standards( so that these are not used as excuses to further protectionism), an agreement has been developed… part of GATT
KEY TERMS…
n Singapore issues—
1. Investments
2. Competition policy
3. Govt. procurements
4. Trade facilitation.
Barring the last one, no progress has ,
so far , been made in either of them.. Due to stiff resistance from developing countries.
KEY TERMS…
n MFN
1.Countries can’t discriminate b/w their trading partners.
2. No country would discriminate between domestic and foreigner produce
3.Some exceptions are allowed to MFN , e.g. RTAs or FTAs.
4.Also, can a country raise barriers against products traded by any specific country which are being traded unfairly
KEY TERMS…
n TARIFF PEAKS
Relatively high tariff on sensitive products in developed countries.. e. g. peak duty of 30% on Indian RMG exports as against avg. 3% duty in US.
KEY TERMS…
n TARIFF ESCALATION
Duty structure that imposes higher duty on semi finished products exports than on raw material.. and even higher duty on finished product exports.. As much as 20% in some cases..
KEY TERMS…
n BIO PIRACY
1. Commercial use of biological resources and related traditional knowledge without consent of their customary holders or originators,
e.g., Patent issues of Neem and Turmeric in U.S.
2. Covered under U.N.C.B.D.
3. To be incorporated in TRIPs
THORNY ISSUES AHEAD..
n Final form of the Swiss Formula
n Progress of reduction in farm subsidies
n Reduction in Non-tariff Barriers in developed countries
n Negotiations on prevention of misuse of anti- dumping duty
n Negotiations on patents in ‘traditional’ knowledge like Yoga .. And Geographical indicators
n Singapore issues, environmental and health concerns..
GOD BLESS YOU!
Friday, November 21, 2008
slides - 3
INDIAN TRADE: FEATURES, FACTS AND FUTURE
ASHISH DWIVEDI
INDIA’S SHARE IN WORLD TRADE
n 1950 --- 1.78%
n 1960 --- 1.36%
n 1970 --- 0.65%
n 1980 --- 0.57%
n 1990 --- 0.59%
n 2000 ---0.80%
n 2009 ---1.50%
WHY IT DECLINED?
n SIZE OF THE CAKE HAS INCREASED MANIFOLD
n INWARD LOOKING ECONOMY
n LACK OF CLEAR FOCUS ON EXPORTS
n ABSENCE OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS IN EXPORT BASKET
B.O.T AND B.O.P.
n B.O.T. = net export value- net import value
n B.O.P. Current a/c= trade balance+ net invisibles+ Pvt. transfers
n B.O.P. Capital a/c= FDI+ Loans from abroad+ NRI deposits
TRADE DEFICIT: TREND
n 1950 --- Rs. 2 Crore
n 1960 --- Rs.480 Crore
n 1970 --- Rs. 99 Crore
n 1980 --- Rs. 5900 Crore
n 1990 --- Rs. 10,600 Crore
n 2000 --- Rs. 27,300 Crore
n 2004 --- Rs. 90,000 Crore
WHY ?
n India has always had a negative B.O.T.
n The trade deficits has grown sharply in recent past
n It does not seem alarming?
INTERPRET THEM !
n Export/ GDP = 11%
n Import/ GDP = 13.5%
n B.O.T./ GDP = - 2.5%
n External debt/GDP = 17.8%
n S.T.B./ Total ext. debt = 5.7%
n Debt service ratio = 10.4%
WHAT DO WE SELL ?
n Engineering goods --- 20.1%
n Gems & jewellry --- 17.5%
n Textiles & RMG --- 16.3%
n Chemicals --- 14.2%
n Agro products --- 9.5%
n Petrochem --- 8.6%
n Mineral and ore --- 4.7%
n Leather and manufactures --- 3.0%
n Others --- 3.5%
WHAT DO WE BUY ?
n P.O.L. --- 30%
n Capital goods --- 10%
n Electronics goods --- 9.3%
n Gold and silver --- 8.7%
n Precious stones --- 8.0%
n Chemicals --- 7.0%
n Edible oils --- 3.0%
n Coal --- 2.5%
n Others --- 20%
WHO DO WE DO BUSINESS WITH?
n USA --- 11.1 %
n CHINA --- 5.6 %
n UAE --- 5.5 %
n BELGIUM --- 3.8 %
n UK --- 3.7 %
n GERMANY --- 3.5 %
n SINGAPORE --- 3.3 %
n SWITZERLAND --- 3.0 %
n HONGKONG --- 2.8 %
n JAPAN --- 2.6 %
THE DRAGON OUTPERFORMS US!
HOW CAN WE INCREASE OUR SHARE IN GLOBAL TRADE ?
n Lower import duties
n Become more cost competitive
n RTA, PTA and FTAs
n Shift to value added products
n Shift to high end consulting
n Market our own products
n Buy brands abroad
n Play on strengths
THE INDIAN SUCCES STORIES…. WHAT’S COMMON IN THEM?
n RELIANCE
n MOSER BAER
n SUNDARAM FASTNERS
n BHARAT FORGE
POTENTIAL DRIVERS
n IT Consulting
n BPO
n KPO
n R&D
n HEALTHCARE
n TOURISM
NEW CHALLENGES !
n Enter Product Patent Regime…
n End of textile quota …
n Child labour and environmental issues…
F.T.A.s= BUSINESS -BOUNDARIES
n N.A.F.T.A.-
• Non tariff /tariff barriers to agro trade removed/ on their way out
• Spl protection to import sensitive industry
• 149% rise in US- Mexico agro- trade
• 112% rise in US- Canada agro- trade
• General rise in living std and economy
F.T.A.s= BUSINESS -BOUNDARIES
§ A.S.E.A.N.-
• 20% rise in intra- ASEAN exports
§ E.U.
• World’s largest emerging market
S.A.F.T.A. : FACTS
n Signed in 12th SAARC summit , Jan 2004
n India Pakistan Bangladesh Bhutan Maldives Nepal Srilanka
n Presupposes elimination of all trade and tariff restrictions
n Ultimate goal—creation of common market with common currency
n Initially tariffs brought at 5%
n All tariffs to be reduced to 0% by 2015 Dec.
n Any state can pull out at any time
S.A.F.T.A.: HOW IT WILL WORK
n Countries to form sensitive lists
n Revenue loss compensation mechanism for LDCs to be in place
n SAFTA ministerial council with membership of each country’s commerce minister
n A committee of experts to supervise
n An arbitration council to settle disputes
n Removal of barriers to intra-SARC investments, simplification of Visa procedures
S.A.F.T.A. : ODDS AGAINST …..
n Speculation rife about future given political dynamics of the region
n Sizes of economies do not match
n Home to some of the poorest countries
n Lack of a unified agenda and political willingness
FOREIGN TRADE POLICY
n Dual objectives—
1-To double India’s share in world trade
2- Creation of employment
n Focus –
1- Agriculture
2- Handicrafts
3- Handlooms
4- Leather
5- Gems and Jewelry
FOREIGN TRADE POLICY.. Contd.
n Special initiatives—
n Schemes to promote agriculture and services trade
n Duty free imports for services importers
n Ban on old machinery imports lifted
n FTWZs to be created on the lines of SEZs
SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES
n What is an SEZ ?
n An area specially demarcated by physical boundary from DTA, to provide an internationally competitive environment for export promotion.. by means of providing tax shelter ,streamlined govt. approvals and excellent infrastructure.
WILL SEZs PAY OFF ?
n Labour laws may NOT be as liberal as are in China
n Export earnings must outweigh the tax loss
n Infrastructure may not keep with mushrooming of SEZs
n EPZs must be brought at par to arrest erosion of industry from them
THANK YOU!
ASHISH DWIVEDI
INDIA’S SHARE IN WORLD TRADE
n 1950 --- 1.78%
n 1960 --- 1.36%
n 1970 --- 0.65%
n 1980 --- 0.57%
n 1990 --- 0.59%
n 2000 ---0.80%
n 2009 ---1.50%
WHY IT DECLINED?
n SIZE OF THE CAKE HAS INCREASED MANIFOLD
n INWARD LOOKING ECONOMY
n LACK OF CLEAR FOCUS ON EXPORTS
n ABSENCE OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS IN EXPORT BASKET
B.O.T AND B.O.P.
n B.O.T. = net export value- net import value
n B.O.P. Current a/c= trade balance+ net invisibles+ Pvt. transfers
n B.O.P. Capital a/c= FDI+ Loans from abroad+ NRI deposits
TRADE DEFICIT: TREND
n 1950 --- Rs. 2 Crore
n 1960 --- Rs.480 Crore
n 1970 --- Rs. 99 Crore
n 1980 --- Rs. 5900 Crore
n 1990 --- Rs. 10,600 Crore
n 2000 --- Rs. 27,300 Crore
n 2004 --- Rs. 90,000 Crore
WHY ?
n India has always had a negative B.O.T.
n The trade deficits has grown sharply in recent past
n It does not seem alarming?
INTERPRET THEM !
n Export/ GDP = 11%
n Import/ GDP = 13.5%
n B.O.T./ GDP = - 2.5%
n External debt/GDP = 17.8%
n S.T.B./ Total ext. debt = 5.7%
n Debt service ratio = 10.4%
WHAT DO WE SELL ?
n Engineering goods --- 20.1%
n Gems & jewellry --- 17.5%
n Textiles & RMG --- 16.3%
n Chemicals --- 14.2%
n Agro products --- 9.5%
n Petrochem --- 8.6%
n Mineral and ore --- 4.7%
n Leather and manufactures --- 3.0%
n Others --- 3.5%
WHAT DO WE BUY ?
n P.O.L. --- 30%
n Capital goods --- 10%
n Electronics goods --- 9.3%
n Gold and silver --- 8.7%
n Precious stones --- 8.0%
n Chemicals --- 7.0%
n Edible oils --- 3.0%
n Coal --- 2.5%
n Others --- 20%
WHO DO WE DO BUSINESS WITH?
n USA --- 11.1 %
n CHINA --- 5.6 %
n UAE --- 5.5 %
n BELGIUM --- 3.8 %
n UK --- 3.7 %
n GERMANY --- 3.5 %
n SINGAPORE --- 3.3 %
n SWITZERLAND --- 3.0 %
n HONGKONG --- 2.8 %
n JAPAN --- 2.6 %
THE DRAGON OUTPERFORMS US!
HOW CAN WE INCREASE OUR SHARE IN GLOBAL TRADE ?
n Lower import duties
n Become more cost competitive
n RTA, PTA and FTAs
n Shift to value added products
n Shift to high end consulting
n Market our own products
n Buy brands abroad
n Play on strengths
THE INDIAN SUCCES STORIES…. WHAT’S COMMON IN THEM?
n RELIANCE
n MOSER BAER
n SUNDARAM FASTNERS
n BHARAT FORGE
POTENTIAL DRIVERS
n IT Consulting
n BPO
n KPO
n R&D
n HEALTHCARE
n TOURISM
NEW CHALLENGES !
n Enter Product Patent Regime…
n End of textile quota …
n Child labour and environmental issues…
F.T.A.s= BUSINESS -BOUNDARIES
n N.A.F.T.A.-
• Non tariff /tariff barriers to agro trade removed/ on their way out
• Spl protection to import sensitive industry
• 149% rise in US- Mexico agro- trade
• 112% rise in US- Canada agro- trade
• General rise in living std and economy
F.T.A.s= BUSINESS -BOUNDARIES
§ A.S.E.A.N.-
• 20% rise in intra- ASEAN exports
§ E.U.
• World’s largest emerging market
S.A.F.T.A. : FACTS
n Signed in 12th SAARC summit , Jan 2004
n India Pakistan Bangladesh Bhutan Maldives Nepal Srilanka
n Presupposes elimination of all trade and tariff restrictions
n Ultimate goal—creation of common market with common currency
n Initially tariffs brought at 5%
n All tariffs to be reduced to 0% by 2015 Dec.
n Any state can pull out at any time
S.A.F.T.A.: HOW IT WILL WORK
n Countries to form sensitive lists
n Revenue loss compensation mechanism for LDCs to be in place
n SAFTA ministerial council with membership of each country’s commerce minister
n A committee of experts to supervise
n An arbitration council to settle disputes
n Removal of barriers to intra-SARC investments, simplification of Visa procedures
S.A.F.T.A. : ODDS AGAINST …..
n Speculation rife about future given political dynamics of the region
n Sizes of economies do not match
n Home to some of the poorest countries
n Lack of a unified agenda and political willingness
FOREIGN TRADE POLICY
n Dual objectives—
1-To double India’s share in world trade
2- Creation of employment
n Focus –
1- Agriculture
2- Handicrafts
3- Handlooms
4- Leather
5- Gems and Jewelry
FOREIGN TRADE POLICY.. Contd.
n Special initiatives—
n Schemes to promote agriculture and services trade
n Duty free imports for services importers
n Ban on old machinery imports lifted
n FTWZs to be created on the lines of SEZs
SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES
n What is an SEZ ?
n An area specially demarcated by physical boundary from DTA, to provide an internationally competitive environment for export promotion.. by means of providing tax shelter ,streamlined govt. approvals and excellent infrastructure.
WILL SEZs PAY OFF ?
n Labour laws may NOT be as liberal as are in China
n Export earnings must outweigh the tax loss
n Infrastructure may not keep with mushrooming of SEZs
n EPZs must be brought at par to arrest erosion of industry from them
THANK YOU!
slides - 2
Japan – Land of the Rising Sun
Shinzo Abe – new PM
Kuril Islands – source of dispute with Russia
World’s second and Asia’s largest economy
Oldest still ruling Royal House in the world
Monarch sits on Chrysanthemum Throne
China – 3rd largest by area
Hu Jintao – President; Wen Jiabao – PM
Is building GWADAR port in Pakistan, also Karakoram Highway to Pakistan
World’s largest FOREX reserves - $1 trillion (Oct ’06)
Received highest FDI in 2005-06
Built THREE GORGES DAM on Yangtze River, world’s largest hydro-electric dam
Built world’s highest railway – linking Lhasa in Tibet with Golmund; nicknamed Qing - 1
Thailand
King Bhumibol Adulyadej completes 60 years in power, world’s longest reigning monarch
Thaksin Shinawatra deposed as PM in a military coup
Surayud Chulanot is Interim PM
Bangkok – capital, Baht - currency
Myanmar – Stratocracy
General Than Shwe – Leader No.1, visited India in 2006
Aung San Suu Kyi – pro-democracy leader under house arrest since 1990
Capital moved from Yangon to Pyinmana (aka Naypyidaw)
Sri Lanka / Bhutan
Mahinda Rajapakse – Prez
Peace talks between SL government and the LTTE are brokered by NORWAY
Bhutan - world’s first no-smoking country
Jigme Singye Wangchuk is the King of Bhutan
Pakistan – First Islamic Republic
zardari– Prez; Gilani– PM
Balochistan leader, Akbar Khan Bugti, killed by Pak military
Proposed Iran gas pipeline to India via Pakistan
NWFP – stronghold of al-Qaeda & Taliban
Latest – Attack on madrassa in Bajaur kills 80
Shoaib Akhtar & Mohammad Asif banned for taking banned substances
Afghanistan
Hamid Karzai – Prez;
NATO forces battling resurgent Taliban in the south
Taliban headed by Mullah Omar
Durand Line – boundary line with Pak is source of dispute
Iran - Land of the Aryans
Mahmoud Ahmedinejad – Prez
Ayotallah Khameini – Spiritual Head
Secret nuclear weapons program
World’s 2nd largest gas producer & 4th largest oil exporter
Has developed missiles like
HOOT, a torpedo; Shahab, Fajr, and Shaegah series.
Iraq – Mesopotamia
Jalal Talabani – Prez; Nuri al-Maliki – PM
Saddam gets death penalty for Dujail Massacre (1982)
Abu Ayyub al-Masri, al-Qaeda chief in Iraq, successor to Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
Moqtada al-Sadr – head of Mahdi Army, Shiite militia group
Israel – World’s 1st Theocratic State (1948)
Tel Aviv – capital; Knesset – parliament
Ehud Olmert – PM; Ex-PM Ariel Sharon is in coma
Prez Moshe Katzav charged with rape
Mossad – secret service
Owns Barak missile system, supplied to India
Is building a Barrier Wall to separate it from Palestinian areas
Lebanon Jordan
Nicknamed Switzerland of the Middle East
Emile Lahoud – Prez; Fuoad Siniora – PM
Beirut – Capital; Nicknamed Paris of the Middle East
Israel attacked Hezbollah strongholds
Hashemite Kingdom
King Abdullah II – HoS
Lost West Bank to Israel in 1967 War
Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, slain al-Qaeda leader in Iraq, belonged to Jordan
Syria Turkey
Bashar al-Assad – Prez
Accused of interference in Lebanon & Iraq
Indicted by UN in killing of former Lebanese PM, Rafiq Hariri
Part of new “Axis of Evil”
Recep T Erdogan – PM
Nicknamed Sickman of Asia
Controversy over Armenian Genocide
Occupies part of Cyprus
Sudan – Largest African nation
Prez Omar al-Bashir, ranked world’s worst dictator (’06)
Darfur Genocide – 4 lakh dead over 4 years
Janjaweed, Govt-backed Arab Muslim militia against non-Arab Muslims
Civil war in the south between Arab Muslims & Christians – Africa’s oldest still running civil war
South Africa – Rainbow Nation
Thabo Mbeki – Prez;
Second largest HIV infected population after India
Desmond Tutu, recipient of Gandhi Peace Prize (’06)
Launches centenary of Gandhiji’s launching of Satyagraha Movement in that country
3 capitals - Pretoria (administrative), Bloemfontein (judicial), and Cape Town (legislative)
Name of Pretoria changed to Tshwane
Africa in a nutshell
Congo goes to 1st elections in 40 yrs,
Joseph Kabila is Prez
Somalia falls to Islamists (Capital – Mogadishu)
Somali forces clash with forces from Putland,
semi-autonomous region of Somalia
Africa Union – HQ at Addis Ababa, 53 members
Uganda – Prez is Yoweri Museveni, accused of genocide against Acholi Tribe
Cameroon hosts Race of Hope for Africa, a marathon
Brazil – 5th largest country by area
Luiz Inacio LULA da Silva is Brazil prez again
Largest ETHANOL producer
Member of BRIC & IBSA
Brasilia – Capital (named after a wood type)
GOL airline crash kills 160 in October 2006
South America in a nutshell
Venezuela reelects Hugo Chavez as prez; Chavez calls George Bush a “devil” while at the UN
Eva Morales is elected Bolivia prez
Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) – Marxist militant group in Peru
Peru’s prez is Alan Garcia
Augusto Pinochet, former dictator of Chile, is being tried for crimes under his rule (1973 – 1990)
USA – 300 million pop
Democrats win control of H of R & Senate
Robert Gates is new defence secretary
Largest exporter & importer – overall; biggest seller of military equipment
Ben Bernanke – new Federal Reserve chief
Refuses to sign Kyoto Protocol & shuns International Criminal Court
Sarbanes-Oxley Act – for corporate governance
Fence built on U.S. border with Mexico to curb illegal immigration & drugs trade
Central America in a nutshell
Panama agrees to a new wider Panama Canal
Felipe Calderon is elected prez of Mexico
Daniel Ortega, former Marxist leader, elected prez of Nicaragua
Cuban prez Fidel Castro temporarily hands over power to Raul Castro (his brother)
Havana, Cuba’s capital, hosts 14th NAM Summit in Sept 2006, which Dr Singh attends
Europe in a nutshell
Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany, is ranked World’s Most Powerful Woman by Forbes
Hungary sees protests against PM Ferenc Gyurcsany’
Romania & Bulgaria join EU (EU membership - 27)
Romano Prodi defeats Silvio Berlusconi to become Italy’s new PM
Denmark – PM Anders Fogh Rasmussen
World Trade Organisation
Successor to the GATT
Established on Jan 1, 1995
WTO HQ – Geneva, Switzerland
DG – Pascal Lamy (France)
WTO has 150 members
Vietnam is 150th member
6th Ministerial Meeting to be held in Hong Kong
International – Who’s who
Ban ki Moon (S Korea’s foreign minister) succeeds Kofi Annan (Ghana) as new Secretary General of the UN
Margaret Chan (China) is new DG of WHO
Nobel laureate Gunter Grass admits to working for Waffen SS, Hitler’s combat force
“Crocodile Hunter” Steve Irwin dies in a freak accident involving a Sting Ray bite
International – Who’s who
Indra Nooyi – PepsiCo CEO, also ranked world’s most powerful businesswoman
Shashi Tharoor – UN Under Secretary General for Communications & Public Information
Tharoor – author of The Great Indian Novel, Riot – A Novel, India: From Midnight to the Millennium, Bookless in Baghdad, & Show Business
Business – Facts & Figures
Exxon Mobil – world’s largest company by revenue, profits, & market capitalisation
IOC – India’s largest company by revenue
RIL – India’s largest company by market capitalisation
GM – largest auto company, foll by Toyota & Ford
Intel – largest chip-maker, launches CORE DUO 2
Diageo – largest spirits company (owns Smirnoff, JW)
McDonald’s – largest fast food chain
Vodafone – largest mobile company by revenue
International Who’s who
World Bank – HO at Washington, Prez - Paul Wolfowitz (US)
IMF – HO at Washington, MD – Rodrigo Rato (Spain)
ADB – HO at Manila, Prez – Haruhiko Kuroda (Japan)
European Commission – HO at Brussels, Prez – Jose Manuel D Barroso (Portugal)
Shinzo Abe – new PM
Kuril Islands – source of dispute with Russia
World’s second and Asia’s largest economy
Oldest still ruling Royal House in the world
Monarch sits on Chrysanthemum Throne
China – 3rd largest by area
Hu Jintao – President; Wen Jiabao – PM
Is building GWADAR port in Pakistan, also Karakoram Highway to Pakistan
World’s largest FOREX reserves - $1 trillion (Oct ’06)
Received highest FDI in 2005-06
Built THREE GORGES DAM on Yangtze River, world’s largest hydro-electric dam
Built world’s highest railway – linking Lhasa in Tibet with Golmund; nicknamed Qing - 1
Thailand
King Bhumibol Adulyadej completes 60 years in power, world’s longest reigning monarch
Thaksin Shinawatra deposed as PM in a military coup
Surayud Chulanot is Interim PM
Bangkok – capital, Baht - currency
Myanmar – Stratocracy
General Than Shwe – Leader No.1, visited India in 2006
Aung San Suu Kyi – pro-democracy leader under house arrest since 1990
Capital moved from Yangon to Pyinmana (aka Naypyidaw)
Sri Lanka / Bhutan
Mahinda Rajapakse – Prez
Peace talks between SL government and the LTTE are brokered by NORWAY
Bhutan - world’s first no-smoking country
Jigme Singye Wangchuk is the King of Bhutan
Pakistan – First Islamic Republic
zardari– Prez; Gilani– PM
Balochistan leader, Akbar Khan Bugti, killed by Pak military
Proposed Iran gas pipeline to India via Pakistan
NWFP – stronghold of al-Qaeda & Taliban
Latest – Attack on madrassa in Bajaur kills 80
Shoaib Akhtar & Mohammad Asif banned for taking banned substances
Afghanistan
Hamid Karzai – Prez;
NATO forces battling resurgent Taliban in the south
Taliban headed by Mullah Omar
Durand Line – boundary line with Pak is source of dispute
Iran - Land of the Aryans
Mahmoud Ahmedinejad – Prez
Ayotallah Khameini – Spiritual Head
Secret nuclear weapons program
World’s 2nd largest gas producer & 4th largest oil exporter
Has developed missiles like
HOOT, a torpedo; Shahab, Fajr, and Shaegah series.
Iraq – Mesopotamia
Jalal Talabani – Prez; Nuri al-Maliki – PM
Saddam gets death penalty for Dujail Massacre (1982)
Abu Ayyub al-Masri, al-Qaeda chief in Iraq, successor to Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
Moqtada al-Sadr – head of Mahdi Army, Shiite militia group
Israel – World’s 1st Theocratic State (1948)
Tel Aviv – capital; Knesset – parliament
Ehud Olmert – PM; Ex-PM Ariel Sharon is in coma
Prez Moshe Katzav charged with rape
Mossad – secret service
Owns Barak missile system, supplied to India
Is building a Barrier Wall to separate it from Palestinian areas
Lebanon Jordan
Nicknamed Switzerland of the Middle East
Emile Lahoud – Prez; Fuoad Siniora – PM
Beirut – Capital; Nicknamed Paris of the Middle East
Israel attacked Hezbollah strongholds
Hashemite Kingdom
King Abdullah II – HoS
Lost West Bank to Israel in 1967 War
Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, slain al-Qaeda leader in Iraq, belonged to Jordan
Syria Turkey
Bashar al-Assad – Prez
Accused of interference in Lebanon & Iraq
Indicted by UN in killing of former Lebanese PM, Rafiq Hariri
Part of new “Axis of Evil”
Recep T Erdogan – PM
Nicknamed Sickman of Asia
Controversy over Armenian Genocide
Occupies part of Cyprus
Sudan – Largest African nation
Prez Omar al-Bashir, ranked world’s worst dictator (’06)
Darfur Genocide – 4 lakh dead over 4 years
Janjaweed, Govt-backed Arab Muslim militia against non-Arab Muslims
Civil war in the south between Arab Muslims & Christians – Africa’s oldest still running civil war
South Africa – Rainbow Nation
Thabo Mbeki – Prez;
Second largest HIV infected population after India
Desmond Tutu, recipient of Gandhi Peace Prize (’06)
Launches centenary of Gandhiji’s launching of Satyagraha Movement in that country
3 capitals - Pretoria (administrative), Bloemfontein (judicial), and Cape Town (legislative)
Name of Pretoria changed to Tshwane
Africa in a nutshell
Congo goes to 1st elections in 40 yrs,
Joseph Kabila is Prez
Somalia falls to Islamists (Capital – Mogadishu)
Somali forces clash with forces from Putland,
semi-autonomous region of Somalia
Africa Union – HQ at Addis Ababa, 53 members
Uganda – Prez is Yoweri Museveni, accused of genocide against Acholi Tribe
Cameroon hosts Race of Hope for Africa, a marathon
Brazil – 5th largest country by area
Luiz Inacio LULA da Silva is Brazil prez again
Largest ETHANOL producer
Member of BRIC & IBSA
Brasilia – Capital (named after a wood type)
GOL airline crash kills 160 in October 2006
South America in a nutshell
Venezuela reelects Hugo Chavez as prez; Chavez calls George Bush a “devil” while at the UN
Eva Morales is elected Bolivia prez
Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) – Marxist militant group in Peru
Peru’s prez is Alan Garcia
Augusto Pinochet, former dictator of Chile, is being tried for crimes under his rule (1973 – 1990)
USA – 300 million pop
Democrats win control of H of R & Senate
Robert Gates is new defence secretary
Largest exporter & importer – overall; biggest seller of military equipment
Ben Bernanke – new Federal Reserve chief
Refuses to sign Kyoto Protocol & shuns International Criminal Court
Sarbanes-Oxley Act – for corporate governance
Fence built on U.S. border with Mexico to curb illegal immigration & drugs trade
Central America in a nutshell
Panama agrees to a new wider Panama Canal
Felipe Calderon is elected prez of Mexico
Daniel Ortega, former Marxist leader, elected prez of Nicaragua
Cuban prez Fidel Castro temporarily hands over power to Raul Castro (his brother)
Havana, Cuba’s capital, hosts 14th NAM Summit in Sept 2006, which Dr Singh attends
Europe in a nutshell
Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany, is ranked World’s Most Powerful Woman by Forbes
Hungary sees protests against PM Ferenc Gyurcsany’
Romania & Bulgaria join EU (EU membership - 27)
Romano Prodi defeats Silvio Berlusconi to become Italy’s new PM
Denmark – PM Anders Fogh Rasmussen
World Trade Organisation
Successor to the GATT
Established on Jan 1, 1995
WTO HQ – Geneva, Switzerland
DG – Pascal Lamy (France)
WTO has 150 members
Vietnam is 150th member
6th Ministerial Meeting to be held in Hong Kong
International – Who’s who
Ban ki Moon (S Korea’s foreign minister) succeeds Kofi Annan (Ghana) as new Secretary General of the UN
Margaret Chan (China) is new DG of WHO
Nobel laureate Gunter Grass admits to working for Waffen SS, Hitler’s combat force
“Crocodile Hunter” Steve Irwin dies in a freak accident involving a Sting Ray bite
International – Who’s who
Indra Nooyi – PepsiCo CEO, also ranked world’s most powerful businesswoman
Shashi Tharoor – UN Under Secretary General for Communications & Public Information
Tharoor – author of The Great Indian Novel, Riot – A Novel, India: From Midnight to the Millennium, Bookless in Baghdad, & Show Business
Business – Facts & Figures
Exxon Mobil – world’s largest company by revenue, profits, & market capitalisation
IOC – India’s largest company by revenue
RIL – India’s largest company by market capitalisation
GM – largest auto company, foll by Toyota & Ford
Intel – largest chip-maker, launches CORE DUO 2
Diageo – largest spirits company (owns Smirnoff, JW)
McDonald’s – largest fast food chain
Vodafone – largest mobile company by revenue
International Who’s who
World Bank – HO at Washington, Prez - Paul Wolfowitz (US)
IMF – HO at Washington, MD – Rodrigo Rato (Spain)
ADB – HO at Manila, Prez – Haruhiko Kuroda (Japan)
European Commission – HO at Brussels, Prez – Jose Manuel D Barroso (Portugal)
slides - 1
Macro Economic Environment Of Global Business
Ashish Dwivedi
The New World Order
n Economic groupings replace military groupings
n Business leads the politics
n Enter the globalization and WTO regime
n Size of economy matters over military might
The Ranking of the Big Economies
n GDP Basis
n USA
n JAPAN
n GERMANY
n UK
n FRANCE
n ITALY
n CHINA
n SPAIN
n CANADA
n INDIA
n GDP on PPP basis
n USA
n CHINA
n JAPAN
n INDIA
n GERMANY
n FRANCE
n UK
n ITALY
n BRAZIL
n RUSSIA
Size of An Economy
n How do we measure the size of an economy?
GDP
n What is GDP?
n Flow of goods and services produced in a country in one year.
n Other related terms--
n NDP= GDP - Depreciation
n GNP= GDP + Income from abroad
n NNP= GNP - Depreciation
Indicators of Economic Health
n GDP on PPP basis
n Per Capita Income
n Human Development Index
n Level of Employment
n B.P.L. Population
Risk In International Business
n Regressive vs. Progressive policies
n Political stability
n Confiscation
n Domestication
Ratings…
n What is Rating?
Comparative ranking of countries, companies by independent agencies that reflects the promise/ risk involved in doing business with them.
n TYPES----
1- Sovereign Ratings
2- Economic Ratings
RATINGS… contd.
KEY PARAMETERS---
n Size of economy
n Growth Rate
n Current Account Deficit
n Debt Service Ratio
n Balance of trade
n GDP/ Fiscal Deficit Ratio
Ratings Of Companies
n Size of the company
n Top line growth rate
n Bottom line / Top line Ratio
n Industry’s life cycle
n Company’s goodwill
n R.O.N.A.
n R.O.C.
Monetory Policy
n Who decides this ?
n Central Bank Of a Country
n What it aims to achieve?
n Monetory policy regulates the money supply in an economy.
Tools of Monetory Policy
n Bank Rate
n Open market operations
n CRR and SLR
n Credit ceiling
n Differential Interest Rates
Fiscal Policy
n Who determines this?
n Finance Ministry/ Budget office
n What exactly is this?
n The part of govt. policy which is concerned with raising revenues through taxation and deciding on the level and patterns of expenditure.
Tools of Fiscal Policy
n Level of taxation
n Structure of taxation
n Control of govt. expenditure
n Subsidies and price controls
n Export/ Import Restrictions
Why?
n The whole world moves with repo rates declared by US Federal reserves?
n A large number of shipping companies sport the Liberian flag?
n Bahamas is home to some of the highest net worth individuals?
Foreign money in India
n FDI– FOREX investment in productive capacity, plant machinery etc.
n FII– Foreign pension and mutual funds parking funds in bonds and stocks.
Case in point
n Why FDI is such a preferred source of FOREX?
n Why does China get higher FDI than India?
RAISING FUNDS ABROAD
n Why go abroad?
n Size of Issue
n Cost of getting listed
n Global ambitions
n Who has gone abroad?
Reliance, Infosys, Ranbaxy, Bharti, TCS, TV today, DRL….. ICICI
RAISING FUNDS ABROAD… contd.
n Routes of raising funds abroad—
n GDR
n ADR
n ECB
n IPOs abroad
What must one know?
n Local laws to promote competition
n Local laws to prevent price fixing
n IPR regime of destination country
n Child labour , environmental and health concerns
n Immigration laws
n Peculiarities of host country
EXCHANGE RATE
n How is it determined?
Basket of currency
Role of RBI
n Impact of appreciation of Rupee Vs. USD
n FOREX reserves of 140 billion USD
Ashish Dwivedi
The New World Order
n Economic groupings replace military groupings
n Business leads the politics
n Enter the globalization and WTO regime
n Size of economy matters over military might
The Ranking of the Big Economies
n GDP Basis
n USA
n JAPAN
n GERMANY
n UK
n FRANCE
n ITALY
n CHINA
n SPAIN
n CANADA
n INDIA
n GDP on PPP basis
n USA
n CHINA
n JAPAN
n INDIA
n GERMANY
n FRANCE
n UK
n ITALY
n BRAZIL
n RUSSIA
Size of An Economy
n How do we measure the size of an economy?
GDP
n What is GDP?
n Flow of goods and services produced in a country in one year.
n Other related terms--
n NDP= GDP - Depreciation
n GNP= GDP + Income from abroad
n NNP= GNP - Depreciation
Indicators of Economic Health
n GDP on PPP basis
n Per Capita Income
n Human Development Index
n Level of Employment
n B.P.L. Population
Risk In International Business
n Regressive vs. Progressive policies
n Political stability
n Confiscation
n Domestication
Ratings…
n What is Rating?
Comparative ranking of countries, companies by independent agencies that reflects the promise/ risk involved in doing business with them.
n TYPES----
1- Sovereign Ratings
2- Economic Ratings
RATINGS… contd.
KEY PARAMETERS---
n Size of economy
n Growth Rate
n Current Account Deficit
n Debt Service Ratio
n Balance of trade
n GDP/ Fiscal Deficit Ratio
Ratings Of Companies
n Size of the company
n Top line growth rate
n Bottom line / Top line Ratio
n Industry’s life cycle
n Company’s goodwill
n R.O.N.A.
n R.O.C.
Monetory Policy
n Who decides this ?
n Central Bank Of a Country
n What it aims to achieve?
n Monetory policy regulates the money supply in an economy.
Tools of Monetory Policy
n Bank Rate
n Open market operations
n CRR and SLR
n Credit ceiling
n Differential Interest Rates
Fiscal Policy
n Who determines this?
n Finance Ministry/ Budget office
n What exactly is this?
n The part of govt. policy which is concerned with raising revenues through taxation and deciding on the level and patterns of expenditure.
Tools of Fiscal Policy
n Level of taxation
n Structure of taxation
n Control of govt. expenditure
n Subsidies and price controls
n Export/ Import Restrictions
Why?
n The whole world moves with repo rates declared by US Federal reserves?
n A large number of shipping companies sport the Liberian flag?
n Bahamas is home to some of the highest net worth individuals?
Foreign money in India
n FDI– FOREX investment in productive capacity, plant machinery etc.
n FII– Foreign pension and mutual funds parking funds in bonds and stocks.
Case in point
n Why FDI is such a preferred source of FOREX?
n Why does China get higher FDI than India?
RAISING FUNDS ABROAD
n Why go abroad?
n Size of Issue
n Cost of getting listed
n Global ambitions
n Who has gone abroad?
Reliance, Infosys, Ranbaxy, Bharti, TCS, TV today, DRL….. ICICI
RAISING FUNDS ABROAD… contd.
n Routes of raising funds abroad—
n GDR
n ADR
n ECB
n IPOs abroad
What must one know?
n Local laws to promote competition
n Local laws to prevent price fixing
n IPR regime of destination country
n Child labour , environmental and health concerns
n Immigration laws
n Peculiarities of host country
EXCHANGE RATE
n How is it determined?
Basket of currency
Role of RBI
n Impact of appreciation of Rupee Vs. USD
n FOREX reserves of 140 billion USD
gk 2008
GK @ IIFT 2008
IIFT Entrance test (IIFT)
Special GK inputs
Dear Students,
We, at PT, have done an in-depth analysis of GK asked in past 5 years IIFT (written test) papers
to help you optimize your score. Also, the questions asked in the previous years are provided.
Further, since the typical area being emphasized is the WTO, export Import data and
International Business Environment, a few new questions from the same area have been provided
in the end, for this year.
The other topics on which questions have consistently appeared and the suggested readings to
cover the same are given below:
1.
Current Affairs
(A)
Business headlines – Browse through the business newspapers, magazines, business
TV channels and take note of:
– heads of business governing bodies like TRAI, IRAI, Assocham, FICCI etc
– Major mergers and acquisitions
– Punchlines, new advertising campaigns, etc
(B)
Political headlines
– Key persons, awards and honours, places in news, key legislations.
(C)
International affairs – New heads of states, awards and honours, events that have
implications for India, Major disputes etc.
2.
Indian Polity – 2-3 Questions from Indian constitution have consistently appeared. Just
browse through class X NCERT textbook of civics or Subhash Kashyap’s (National Book
Trust) book for basic reading of how our polity works.
Page (1) of (17)
IIFT Analysis
3.
Economy with emphasis on International Trade. Your should try to arm yourself with
information about
(A) Major Economic indicators (refer to economic survey 2007-08)
(B) Export Import data like (browse the DGFT website)
–
India’s share in global trade
–
Major sectors of exports
–
Major world markets
–
Major ports
–
WTO (Visit WTO web page or read any book on WTO to acquaint your self with
terms like TRIPS, TRIMS, Dumping, GATS etc. officials of WTO, Ministerial
Meetings of WTO etc.)
4.
Indian history - Some questions have appeared, but since it’s a vast topic, delving deeper
into it might take time, just grab any ‘history special’ of competition magazine and browse
through it.
And you might be able to attempt the question on this topic.
5.
Science and Technology – Stress is on the application part, need not go to the basics. Just
keep track of technologies applied in latest, upcoming products and services. Questions
from Space Exploration have been asked quite consistently
6.
Geography – Indian Geography is emphasized, more of social and economic Geography.
The difficulty level of questions is average and just brushing up the basics should be
enough.
Best of Luck !
Academic Team - PT
Page (2) of (17)
IIFT Analysis
A collection of questions from previous years papers at IIFT
SET-I
1. Who completed the work of Qutab Minar? Ans. Iltutmish
2. Who was associated with the construction of Golden Temple? Ans. Guru Ramdas
3. GE's technology center in Bangalore is named after whom? Ans: Jack Welch
4. Which newspaper was started by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru? Ans. National Herald
5. The Parliament of state legislature can declare a seat vacant if a member is absent without
permission for……. Ans. 120 days.
6. “Spoil yourself” is associated with ……. ? Ans. Indigo
7. President of Nasscom is…… Ans. Mr. Kiran Karik
8. Which Afro-Asian games were held at Hyderabad in 2003?
9. Arthur Anderson was the auditor of which of these companies? Ans.- Enron
10. Who is the Chairman of Britannia Industries? Ans. Mr. Nusli Wadia
11. The Chief Economist and Director Research at the IMF is….. Ans. Mr. Raghuram Rajan
SET-II
1. Where is the Head Quarters of European Central Bank is located at? Ans. Frankfurt
2. Which of the following person is the present Chairperson of Reliance? Ans. Mukesh
Ambani
3. Which is the only country in the world, which has a convergence bill for telecom and
media? Ans. India
4. According to the latest release by Tourism ministry Delhi topped foreign tourist arrivals
among the Indian states.
Which among the following states was number 1 in terms of domestic tourists arrival?
(1) Uttar Pradesh
(2) Andhra Pradesh
(3) Maharashtra
(4) Karnataka
Ans.(2)
5. Which of the following gas is used in the decorative lights? Ans. Neon
6. What is the Strait between Srilanka and India is called? Ans. Adam’s Bridge
7. From which of the following city the ‘Morning Star’ newspaper is published? Ans. London
8. The Tata group consists of how many companies? Ans. 96
9. Which country is the largest producer of Tin in the world? Ans. Bolivia
10. What does TRIPS stands for? Ans. Trade related Intellectual Property Rights
11. Who coined the term USP ? Ans. Jack Trout
12. What does EPZ stands for? Ans. Export Processing Zone
13. Which was the first product manufactured by Sony? Ans. Rice cooker
14. Ranbaxy calls it 'Caverta', what is it popularly known as? Ans. Viagra
15. Tatas have taken over which PSU? Ans. VSNL
Page (3) of (17)
IIFT Analysis
16. Which country's PM receives the highest salary in terms of dollars? Ans. Japan
17. Who is the lowest paid CEO in the world? Ans. Steve Jobs, Apple computers, $1 annually
18. The word ‘Knesset’ is relates to which of the following country? Ans. Israel
19. Which is the suffix used for a German Company? Ans. -leich
20. Which is the oldest public sector bank in India? Ans. Allahabad Bank
21. Which popular car audio system company's name when translated to German means" blue
point"? Ans. Blaupunkt
22. Indian kids channel Hungama.com has been acquired, for a reported sum of $30 mn, by
(1) Walt Disney
(2) Viacom
(3) Bloomberg
(4) B Sky B
Ans.(1)
23. What is the value of 20°C in Fahrenheit? Ans. 48F
24. Who is the chairman of Telecom Regulatory Authority of India? Ans. Nripendra Misra
25. Match the following states with their capitals:
(1) Uttranchal - A. Kohima
(2) Andhra Pradesh - B. Shillong
(3) Nagaland - C. Dehradoon
(4) Meghalaya - D. Hyderabad
Ans. 1 – C, 2 – D, 3 – A, 4 – B
26. Coffee store chain, Barnie’s, recently entered the Indian market with plans to invest close to Rs. 75 crore to open 300 stores across the country in the next five year. It belongs to
(1) Canada
(2) USA
(3) UK
(4) Italy
Ans.(2)
27. ‘Imagine Cup’, an international competition for young technologists is organised by global
IT giant
(1) SAP
(2) Oracle
(3) Microsoft
(4) Macromedia
Ans.(3)
28. India’s chief negotiator at WTO is …….? Ans. Gopal K Pillai
SET-III
1. Which country has the highest rating in HDI. Ans. Norway
2. Who acted in the role of Harry Potter? Ans. Daniel Radcliffe
3. Why does an egg floats on salt water? Ans. Because it is less Dense than salt water
4. What is Certiorari writ in Courts? Ans. Certiorari is the legal term in ‘Roman, English
and American Law referring to a type of Writ seeking judicial review’.
5. Which of the following has been rated as the No.1 country in World Economic Forum
(Finland, US, Canada, Denmark) Ans. Denmark
6. When does Euro becomes finally applicable in Europe? Ans. 22nd May 2001.
7. Who founded e-bay.com? Ans. San Jose
8. Who was awarded the Indira Gandhi Peace Award? (2006) Ans. Javed Aktar
9. Which is the No.1 Fortune 500 Company? Ans. Exxon Mobile
10. The only Indian company in Fortune 500 companies has a rank of ..... Ans. IOC-153,
RIL-342, BPCL-368, HPCL-378, ONGC-402, SBI-498
11. Which is the world's first mobile virus? Ans. Cabir
12. India's Rank in HDI is .......(115, 132, 105, 126) Ans. 126
13. Most admired Company in top 1000 (Microsoft, GE, GM, Cadbury) Ans. GE
14. Who is the current President of NASSCOM? Ans. Mr. Kiran Karnik
15. Which is not a member of the European Union (Switzerland, Portugal, Spain, Germany)
Ans. Switzerland
Sample GK questions for your reference
(Questions specifically on foreign trade, WTO, and international business)
1.
Identify the INCORRECT statement about GATT.
(1)
India was among the 23 original signatories of GATT.
(2)
GATT too was constituted at the Bretton Woods conference along with the IMF
and World Bank.
(3)
After GATT was set up in 1947, there was a series of negotiating rounds
culminating in Uruguay round, finally signed at Marrakech.
(4)
None of the above.
2.
What does TRIMS stand for?
(1)
Trade Related International Movements (both goods and services).
(2)
Trade in Resources, which are Internationally Mobilized.
(3)
Trade Related Investment Measures.
(4)
Trade Rising in International Markets.
3.
Ministerial Conference (the apex decision making body) of WTO is held every two years.
The last one held at ……
(1)
Cancun (2) Singapore
(3)
Hong Kong (4) Doha
4.
The following has NOT been a venue of WTO ministerial conference till now.
(1)
Singapore (2) Geneva
(3)
Seattle (4) New York
5.
The classification of subsides in different boxes of amber, blue and green, at WTO is
done in the area of:
(1)
Agriculture (2) Textiles
(3)
Pharmaceuticals (4) Services
6.
Which one of the following issues was NOT an impediment at Cancun?
(1)
Agriculture reforms (2) Dispute settlement
(3)
Competition issue (4) Transparency issue
7.
The country’s first corporatised port is at:
(1)
Ennore (2) Vishakhapatnam
(3)
Cochin (4) Mormugao
8.
‘National treatment’ provisions under the WTO implies
(1)
treating one’s different trading partners equally.
(2)
equal treatment for foreign and domestic goods and services once the foreign
goods have entered domestic market.
(3)
treating one’s trading partner preferentially than domestic traders.
(4)
giving special treatment to goods and services produced in domestic market.
9.
Which is the world’s biggest exporting nation?
(1)
Japan
(2)
USA
(3)
Germany
(4)
China
10.
The last country to join WTO on October 13, 2004 is
(1)
Cambodia (2) Brazil
(3)
Botswana (4) Chad
11.
Which of the following became the first company to cross the 50 million subscriber mark
in mobile phone services?
(1)
Reliance Communications (2) Vodafone
(3)
BSNL (4) Bharti Airtel
12.
Which of the following Countries is not a member of WTO?
(1)
Brazil (2) Pakistan
(3)
China (4) Russia
13.
A complaint in WTO is processed at:
(1)
The GATT – Bretton woods standing committee
(2)
The trade policy review body
(3)
The dispute settlement body
(4)
The General Council
14.
Iran, Iraq and North Korea (President Bush’s axis of evil),
(1)
are permanent WTO members.
(2)
have observer status in WTO.
(3)
have been imposed sanctions and boycotted by WTO.
(4)
have no formal association with WTO.
15.
EPCG starts for
(1)
Excise protection of Capital goods
(2)
Export promotion Capital goods
(3)
Earnings provided by Capital goods
(4)
Excelling in performance through capital goods
16.
‘Cairns Group’ is a group of countries that accounts for more than 20% of global exports
of:
(1)
Wildlife (2) Agriculture
(3)
Textiles (4) Jems and Jwellery
17.
India’s major competitor in exporting tea worldwide is
(1)
Sri Lanka (2) Thailand
(3)
Russia (4) Myanmar
18.
Japan, Australia and China have imposed bans on fruits, like Mangoes and Grapes, from
India on account of presence of fruit flies. This would come under
(1)
tariff barriers (2) sanitary and phytosanitary measures
(3)
dumping (4) non trade barrier
19.
The Apex body regulating foreign trade in India is
(1)
Federation of India Export Organisation (FIEO)
(2)
Export Promotion Council, India
(3)
Exim Bank
(4)
Ministry of Foreign Trade
20.
The US corporation which acquired the basmati patent:
(1)
Monsanto (2) Rice tech
(3)
DuPont (4) Dow
21.
A specifically delineated duty free enclave, deemed to be a foreign territory, for the
purposes of trade operations of duties and tariffs is known as SEZ. It stands for
(1)
Special Economic Zone (2) Special Export Zone
(3)
Specifically Export Zone (4) Specific Economic Zone
22.
Which of the following has tied up with lifestyle design company Giorgio Armani for the
design of its portable devices recently?
(1)
Samsung (2) Sony
(3)
Nokia (4) LG
23.
Which of the following sells its automotive batteries at shops branded ‘Powerzone’?
(1)
Standard Furukawa
(2)
Amara Raja
(3)
Exide Industries
(4)
Tata Auto-components Company (TACO)
24.
Which of the statements is NOT correct, in reference to the trends in Indian exports, over
the past 10 years?
(1)
The share of manufactured goods in total exports has increased.
(2)
Exports in petroleum products have declined sharply.
(3)
India’s exports to Asia and Oceania, Africa, America and Latin American
countries have seen an upward trend.
(4)
India’s exports to West Europe have plummeted.
25.
A currency that has a continuing high level of demand, relative to supply, in the market
of foreign exchange is often called as
(1)
soft currency (2) hard currency
(3)
cold currency (4) hot currency
26.
India has a share of .67% of world exports, whereas China’s share is
(1)
2% (2) 3.9%
(3)
5% (4) 4.2%
27.
In the centre state financial relations in India, Gadgil formula is used in:
(1)
division of tax revenues.
(2)
formulating the policy for fresh borrowings.
(3)
writing off state’s indebt ness to the center.
(4)
allocating central plan assistance between states.
28.
‘Non tariff’ barriers imply
(1)
regulations relating to environment, health and safety (EHS) to restrict
international trade.
(2)
imposing high duties on imported goods.
(3)
applying physical barriers and check points to prevent inflow of foreign goods.
(4)
None of the above
29.
The ‘Theory of Comparative Advantage’ in Economics is related to
(1)
Welfare Economics
(2)
Managerial Economics
(3)
International Economics
(4)
Micro Economics
30.
WTO is often criticized for being anti democratic. But the fact most contrary to it, is that
(1)
dispute resolution is achieved at the WTO by consensus.
(2)
all views can be expressed at ‘People Forum’ just outside WTO, HQ in Geneva.
(3)
there are substantial elected officials at WTO.
(4)
every one, of the 148 members, has a veto over changing rules.
31.
The vast expansion of international trade, in the second half of the 20th century, owed
much to
(1)
a new method of shipping goods in containers.
(2)
the opening up of Brazil, South America’s largest market.
(3)
Change in the economic rationale of new economists, who encouraged
international trade.
(4)
Industrial revolution.
32.
The tariff, imposed on imports to offset the impact of subsidy given by government in the
country of origin of commodity, is known as:
(1)
Anti dumping duty (2) Customs duty
(3)
Countervailing duty (4) Ad Valorem duty
33.
The stocks of commodities held by the countries or international organizations to
moderate the price fluctuations are called:
(1)
Contingency stocks (2) Buffer stocks
(3)
Shock absorbing stocks (4) Emergency stocks
34.
The difference in value over a period of time of a country’s imports and exports of
merchandise is known as:
(1)
Balance of Trade (2) Balance of Payment
(3)
Export import balance (4) Trade gap
35.
‘Dollar drain’ implies:
(1)
Sharp devaluation of dollar, thus value of dollar going down the drain.
(2)
a situation when country’s imports from USA exceed its export to USA, resulting
in dollar reserves plummeting.
(3)
fake US dollars flooding financial markets.
(4)
None of the above
36.
Tarapore Committee is associated with:
(1)
select markets and thrust products.
(2)
implementation of SEZs.
(3)
utilizing the burgeoning forex reserves.
(4)
capital account convertibility.
37.
Which of these has brands like CellOne for its mobile services, Bfone for fixed line
telephone and Tarang for CDMA-based WLL limited mobility phones?
(1)
Reliance Communications
(2)
MTNL
(3)
BSNL
(4)
Bharti Airtel
38.
Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the regional grouping ASEAN?
(1)
Singapore (2) Brunei
(3)
Thailand (4) China
39.
Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation
(BIMSTEC) does NOT have following country as its member.
(1)
Bangladesh (2) Nepal
(3)
Sri Lanka (4) Thailand
40.
A small country that is economically dependent on a single export commodity and is
typically governed by a dictator or armed forces is known as
(1)
Banana Republic
(2)
Eggs in Single Basket Republic
(3)
Weather Republic
(4)
Crutches Republic
41.
Which advertising agency devised the campaign for the change of brand name Hutch to
Vodafone recently?
(1)
Rediffusion DYR (2) Ogilvy & Mather
(3)
J Walter Thompson (4) McCann Ericsson
42.
Tripitakas are the sacred books of:
(1)
Jainism (2) Buddhism
(3)
Hinduism (4) Shaivism
43.
The Great Bath of the Indus Valley Civilization was discovered in:
(1)
Harappa (2) Lothal
(3)
Mohenjodaro (4) Ropar
44.
Buland Darwaza, built by Akbar, is to commemorate the victory of
(1)
Orrisa (2) Bengal
(3)
Delhi (4) Gujrat
45.
The latest Global Information Technology Report ranks India
(1)
40th (2) 50th
(3)
14th (4) 15th
46.
Which company recently launched a premium prêt denim line in the Indian fashion arena,
co–branding it with John Abraham?
(1)
Killer (2) Wrangler
(3)
Lee Copper (4) Milky Way
47.
Which company is planning to launch a multi–purpose vehicle called “Ingenio”?
(1)
Mahindra and Mahindra (2) Maruti Udyog
(3)
Eicher Motors (4) Isuzu Motors
48.
The well–known confectionary brand “Nutrine” has been acquired by
(1)
Cadbury (2) Modern Foods
(3)
Godrej Beverages and Foods (4) Perfetti
49.
Which company joined hands with Nasscom (National Association of Software and
Service Companies) and Tata Teleservices for developing 65 village resource centres to
provide valuable information in education, healthcare and agriculture through wireless
connectivity to residents of nine coastal States?
(1)
Computer Associates (2) CISCO
(3)
Qualcomm (4) Motorola
50.
Pick out the incorrect pair.
(1)
Rajat Gupta – McKinsey and Company
(2)
Arun Sarin – Vodafone
(3)
Arun Netravali – Bell Labs
(4)
Rajesh Hukku – IBM
51.
ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL) has recently won a joint bid to acquire Omimex De
Columbia, a Columbian oil firm, in partnership with:
(1)
Rosnfet (2) Sinopec
(3)
Malaysian Oil Bhd (4) Reliance Petrochemical
52.
With the presence in 27 countries.... which company is called "three oceans"?
(1)
Sanyo (2) Microsoft
(3)
Sun Microsys (4) Nokia
53.
Which country is famous for Lego?
(1)
Australia (2) Denmark
(3)
Czechoslovakia (4) India
54.
Which auto major's head quarter is known as four cylinder tower?
(1)
Toyota (2) Mahindra
(3)
BMW (4) Ford
55.
"Bata" shoes originated in which country:
(1)
Czechoslovakia (2) India
(3)
Korea (4) USA
56.
Which former Indian test cricketer is the representative of Musco lighting in India?
(1)
Sachin Tendulkar (2) Kapil Dev
(3)
Ravi Shastri (4) Mohinder Amarnath
57.
Zzapi Nercor is the mascot of which Indian pizza company?
(1)
Pizza Corner (2) Pizza Hut
(3)
Spicy Pizza (4) None of these
58.
Top Gear is the retail outlet of which Indian company?
(1)
HP (2) BP
(3)
IOC (4) NACL
59.
Which search engine was first named Architext and created by a group of Stanford
University grads?
(1)
MSN (2) Search
(3)
Excite (4) Dot Com
60.
What is the name of ‘Tainwala Chemicals' mosquito repellant brand?
(1)
Good Night (2) Moon Light
(3)
All Out (4) Casper
61.
Which company is the official ice-cream supplier to Wimbledon?
(1)
Wall's (2) Vadilal
(3)
Amul (4) None of these
62.
Which was the first insurance company in India to start a 24 hour call centre?
(1)
LIC (2) Reliance General Insurance
(3)
Tata AIG (4) HDFC
63.
Rasik Dhariwal is the owner of which Gutkha company?
(1)
Baba (2) Manikchand
(3)
Panparag (4) Manikram
64.
Which Indian retail chain was started by former Carona employee B.S Nagesh?
(1)
Shopper's Stop (2) Big Bazar
(3)
Landmark (4) Westside
65.
Which company was first founded and registered in Delaware, US as Quantum Computer
Services?
(1)
LOA (2) AOL
(3)
Oracle (4) Microsoft
66.
MAT expands to …..
(1)
Medium Advisory Tax (2) Minimum Accounted Tax
(3)
Minimum Automated Tax (4) Minimum Alternate Tax
67.
Which of the following represents the expansion of ‘T’ in ‘TIN’?
(1)
Trade (2) Tax
(3)
Transmission (4) Total
68.
Awaz is the Hindi business news channel that belongs to the stable of …
(1)
NDTV (2) CNBC TV 18
(3)
Zee News (4) Sony TV
69.
‘Make your own road’ is the catchphrase that you would associate with….
(1)
Chevrolet Tavera (2) ata Safari
(3)
Tata Sumo (4) Ford Endeavor
70.
The maximum revenue to the government comes from….
(1)
Service tax (2) Custom duty
(3)
Excise duty (4) Income tax
71.
Identify the indirect tax from the given options.
(1)
Wealth Tax (2) Gift Tax
(3)
Sales Tax (4) Corporation Tax
72.
Which of the following represents the expansion of ‘R’ in RFID?
(1)
Regional (2) Radio
(3)
Recorded (4) Reliance
73.
This bank, in collaboration with NGOs, launched the ’social card’ for those people who
want to contribute to the welfare of the society but either do not have time to do so or do
not know which because they would like to support. Can you identify the name of the
bank in question from the given options?
(1)
Canara Bank (2) SBI
(3)
Punjab National Bank (4) Bank of India
74.
Which of these became the first cellular service provider in India to launch a call filter
service countrywide that would allow subscribers to filter incoming calls by blocking
specific numbers recently?
(1)
Reliance Communications (2) Vodafone
(3)
BSNL (4) Bharti Airtel
75.
The year in which the World Bank was incorporated in the UN system was….
(1)
1994 (2) 1946
(3)
1947 (4) 1949
76.
Which of the following personalities is the author of ‘Jeh: A Life of JRD Tata’?
(1)
RM Lala (2) BK Dadabhoy
(3)
Dwijendra Tripathi (4) BK Karanjia
77.
Identify the incorrect match. Automobile company Car Model
(1)
Fiat Automobiles Panda (2) Skoda Automobiles Fabia
(3)
Honda Automobiles Civic (4) All of them are matched properly
78.
Where was Motorola’s sixth global design centre, its first in India, launched?
(1)
Bangalore (2) Chennai
(3)
Delhi (4) Pune
79.
Which insurance company runs a credit card business in a joint venture with GE Money
and Corporation Bank?
(1)
Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) (2) Bajaj Allianz
(3)
Birla Sun Life (4) Aviva Life Insurance
80.
Which promoter family sold off its stake in India Cements in 2007?
(1)
Murugappa (2) Sankar
(3)
Srinivasan (4) Iyengar
81.
Prannoy Roy’s “NDTV MetroNation” is the first city specific English language channel
that was launched in _____ recently.
(1)
Delhi (2) Chennai
(3)
Mumbai (4) Bangalore
82.
What is the DTH service launched recently by Chennai based Sun TV Group called?
(1)
Sun Sky (2) Sun Satellite
(3)
Sun Network (4) Sun Direct
83.
Which entertainment channel launched a nationwide hunt for India’s first space tourist?
(1)
Zee Café (2) Zone Reality
(3)
Bindass (4) Zee
84.
BigStreet is the out-of-home (OOH) advertising venture of ___________
(1)
Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group (ADAG)
(2)
Mudra
(3)
Nimbus
(4)
Sahara India
85.
Which is the first magazine from Condé Nast, world’s leading publisher of lifestyle and
fashion magazines, launched in India?
(1)
Vogue (2) Glamour
(3)
Condé Nast Traveller (4) Vanity Fair
86.
Where would you find your deltoid muscle?
(1)
Big muscle on the shoulder
(2)
Big muscle on the feet
(3)
Big muscle on the thyroid
(4)
Big muscle on the elbow
87.
American police have SWAT teams, what do the initials stand for?
(1)
Special Weapons & Tactics
(2)
Specialized Weapons & Tactics
(3)
Specialized Warriors & Technique
(4)
None of these
88.
Which public sector oil refining major launched a pilot project to build cinema halls at its
highways fuel stations in Gujarat and tied up with Cinemata, a film distribution unit of
SET?
(1)
IOC (2) BPCL
(3)
HPCL (4) IBP
89.
Which of these acquired the acquisition of polyester and textile manufacturing assets of
the Malaysia-based Hualon Corporation?
(1)
Tata Chemicals (2) Aditya Birla Nuvo
(3)
Reliance Industries Ltd (4) Arvind Mills
90.
Which of these owns the Star Bazaar hypermarket brand in India?
(1)
Trent (2) Future Group
(3)
Shopper’s Stop (4) Reliance Retail
91.
Rural retail chain, Hariyali Kisaan Bazaar, is owned by________
(1)
DCM Shriram (2) ITC Agro
(3)
Mahindra & Mahindra (4) Chambal Fertilsers
92.
Which famous European company was founded by cousins of Communist ideologue Karl
Marx?
(1)
Siemens (2) Philips
(3)
Bayer (4) Volkswagen
93.
Which acid gives nettles their sting?
(1)
Formic acid (2) Acetic acid
(3)
Carbonic acid (4) Sulphuric acid
94.
For their discovery of what did Watson, Crick and Evans win the 1962 Nobel Prize for
medicine?
(1)
WBC (2) RNA
(3)
DNA (4) Genes
95.
‘Air Wick’ is the air freshener brand from:
(1)
Reckitt Benckiser (2) Godrej Sara Lee
(3)
Marico Industries (4) Hindustan Unilever
96.
Which was the album the Beatles recorded the last time together?
(1)
Abbey Road (2) Any Road
(3)
Every thing for you (4) Hard days night
97.
Who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
(1)
Leonardo da Vinci (2) Michelangelo
(3)
MF Hussain (4) None of these
98.
What is the sport in which you could get into a headlock?
(1)
Wrestling (2) Rugby
(3)
Baseball (4) Boxing
99.
Which business family owns the world’s oldest active sailing ship, ‘The Foundroyant’
which started its life in Mumbai in 1817?
(1)
Wadia (2) Tata
(3)
Godrej (4) Bajaj
100.
Which is the country where reggae music originated?
(1)
Barbados (2) USA
(3)
Russia (4) Jamaica
Answers Key
Answers Key
1.(4) 2.(3) 3.(3) 4.(4) 5.(1) 6.(2) 7.(1) 8.(2) 9.(2) 10.(1)
11.(4) 12.(4) 13.(3) 14.(4) 15.(2) 16.(2) 17.(1) 18.(2) 19.(1) 20.(2)
21.(1) 22.(4) 23.(2) 24.(2) 25.(2) 26.(2) 27.(4) 28.(1) 29.(1) 30.(4)
31.(1) 32.(3) 33.(2) 34.(1) 35.(2) 36.(4) 37.(3) 38.(4) 39.(2) 40.(1)
41.(2) 42.(2) 43.(3) 44.(4) 45.(1) 46.(2) 47.(1) 48.(3) 49.(3) 50.(4)
51.(2) 52.(1) 53.(2) 54.(3) 55.(1) 56.(2) 57.(1) 58.(3) 59.(3) 60.(4)
61.(1) 62.(3) 63.(2) 64.(1) 65.(2) 66.(4) 67.(2) 68.(2) 69.(2) 70.(3)
71.(3) 72.(2) 73.(2) 74.(2) 75.(3) 76.(2) 77.(4) 78.(1) 79.(1) 80.(2)
81.(1) 82.(4) 83.(3) 84.(1) 85.(1) 86.(1) 87.(1) 88.(2) 89.(3) 90.(1)
91.(1) 92.(2) 93.(1) 94.(3) 95.(2) 96.(1) 97.(2) 98.(1) 99.(1) 100.(4)
IIFT Entrance test (IIFT)
Special GK inputs
Dear Students,
We, at PT, have done an in-depth analysis of GK asked in past 5 years IIFT (written test) papers
to help you optimize your score. Also, the questions asked in the previous years are provided.
Further, since the typical area being emphasized is the WTO, export Import data and
International Business Environment, a few new questions from the same area have been provided
in the end, for this year.
The other topics on which questions have consistently appeared and the suggested readings to
cover the same are given below:
1.
Current Affairs
(A)
Business headlines – Browse through the business newspapers, magazines, business
TV channels and take note of:
– heads of business governing bodies like TRAI, IRAI, Assocham, FICCI etc
– Major mergers and acquisitions
– Punchlines, new advertising campaigns, etc
(B)
Political headlines
– Key persons, awards and honours, places in news, key legislations.
(C)
International affairs – New heads of states, awards and honours, events that have
implications for India, Major disputes etc.
2.
Indian Polity – 2-3 Questions from Indian constitution have consistently appeared. Just
browse through class X NCERT textbook of civics or Subhash Kashyap’s (National Book
Trust) book for basic reading of how our polity works.
Page (1) of (17)
IIFT Analysis
3.
Economy with emphasis on International Trade. Your should try to arm yourself with
information about
(A) Major Economic indicators (refer to economic survey 2007-08)
(B) Export Import data like (browse the DGFT website)
–
India’s share in global trade
–
Major sectors of exports
–
Major world markets
–
Major ports
–
WTO (Visit WTO web page or read any book on WTO to acquaint your self with
terms like TRIPS, TRIMS, Dumping, GATS etc. officials of WTO, Ministerial
Meetings of WTO etc.)
4.
Indian history - Some questions have appeared, but since it’s a vast topic, delving deeper
into it might take time, just grab any ‘history special’ of competition magazine and browse
through it.
And you might be able to attempt the question on this topic.
5.
Science and Technology – Stress is on the application part, need not go to the basics. Just
keep track of technologies applied in latest, upcoming products and services. Questions
from Space Exploration have been asked quite consistently
6.
Geography – Indian Geography is emphasized, more of social and economic Geography.
The difficulty level of questions is average and just brushing up the basics should be
enough.
Best of Luck !
Academic Team - PT
Page (2) of (17)
IIFT Analysis
A collection of questions from previous years papers at IIFT
SET-I
1. Who completed the work of Qutab Minar? Ans. Iltutmish
2. Who was associated with the construction of Golden Temple? Ans. Guru Ramdas
3. GE's technology center in Bangalore is named after whom? Ans: Jack Welch
4. Which newspaper was started by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru? Ans. National Herald
5. The Parliament of state legislature can declare a seat vacant if a member is absent without
permission for……. Ans. 120 days.
6. “Spoil yourself” is associated with ……. ? Ans. Indigo
7. President of Nasscom is…… Ans. Mr. Kiran Karik
8. Which Afro-Asian games were held at Hyderabad in 2003?
9. Arthur Anderson was the auditor of which of these companies? Ans.- Enron
10. Who is the Chairman of Britannia Industries? Ans. Mr. Nusli Wadia
11. The Chief Economist and Director Research at the IMF is….. Ans. Mr. Raghuram Rajan
SET-II
1. Where is the Head Quarters of European Central Bank is located at? Ans. Frankfurt
2. Which of the following person is the present Chairperson of Reliance? Ans. Mukesh
Ambani
3. Which is the only country in the world, which has a convergence bill for telecom and
media? Ans. India
4. According to the latest release by Tourism ministry Delhi topped foreign tourist arrivals
among the Indian states.
Which among the following states was number 1 in terms of domestic tourists arrival?
(1) Uttar Pradesh
(2) Andhra Pradesh
(3) Maharashtra
(4) Karnataka
Ans.(2)
5. Which of the following gas is used in the decorative lights? Ans. Neon
6. What is the Strait between Srilanka and India is called? Ans. Adam’s Bridge
7. From which of the following city the ‘Morning Star’ newspaper is published? Ans. London
8. The Tata group consists of how many companies? Ans. 96
9. Which country is the largest producer of Tin in the world? Ans. Bolivia
10. What does TRIPS stands for? Ans. Trade related Intellectual Property Rights
11. Who coined the term USP ? Ans. Jack Trout
12. What does EPZ stands for? Ans. Export Processing Zone
13. Which was the first product manufactured by Sony? Ans. Rice cooker
14. Ranbaxy calls it 'Caverta', what is it popularly known as? Ans. Viagra
15. Tatas have taken over which PSU? Ans. VSNL
Page (3) of (17)
IIFT Analysis
16. Which country's PM receives the highest salary in terms of dollars? Ans. Japan
17. Who is the lowest paid CEO in the world? Ans. Steve Jobs, Apple computers, $1 annually
18. The word ‘Knesset’ is relates to which of the following country? Ans. Israel
19. Which is the suffix used for a German Company? Ans. -leich
20. Which is the oldest public sector bank in India? Ans. Allahabad Bank
21. Which popular car audio system company's name when translated to German means" blue
point"? Ans. Blaupunkt
22. Indian kids channel Hungama.com has been acquired, for a reported sum of $30 mn, by
(1) Walt Disney
(2) Viacom
(3) Bloomberg
(4) B Sky B
Ans.(1)
23. What is the value of 20°C in Fahrenheit? Ans. 48F
24. Who is the chairman of Telecom Regulatory Authority of India? Ans. Nripendra Misra
25. Match the following states with their capitals:
(1) Uttranchal - A. Kohima
(2) Andhra Pradesh - B. Shillong
(3) Nagaland - C. Dehradoon
(4) Meghalaya - D. Hyderabad
Ans. 1 – C, 2 – D, 3 – A, 4 – B
26. Coffee store chain, Barnie’s, recently entered the Indian market with plans to invest close to Rs. 75 crore to open 300 stores across the country in the next five year. It belongs to
(1) Canada
(2) USA
(3) UK
(4) Italy
Ans.(2)
27. ‘Imagine Cup’, an international competition for young technologists is organised by global
IT giant
(1) SAP
(2) Oracle
(3) Microsoft
(4) Macromedia
Ans.(3)
28. India’s chief negotiator at WTO is …….? Ans. Gopal K Pillai
SET-III
1. Which country has the highest rating in HDI. Ans. Norway
2. Who acted in the role of Harry Potter? Ans. Daniel Radcliffe
3. Why does an egg floats on salt water? Ans. Because it is less Dense than salt water
4. What is Certiorari writ in Courts? Ans. Certiorari is the legal term in ‘Roman, English
and American Law referring to a type of Writ seeking judicial review’.
5. Which of the following has been rated as the No.1 country in World Economic Forum
(Finland, US, Canada, Denmark) Ans. Denmark
6. When does Euro becomes finally applicable in Europe? Ans. 22nd May 2001.
7. Who founded e-bay.com? Ans. San Jose
8. Who was awarded the Indira Gandhi Peace Award? (2006) Ans. Javed Aktar
9. Which is the No.1 Fortune 500 Company? Ans. Exxon Mobile
10. The only Indian company in Fortune 500 companies has a rank of ..... Ans. IOC-153,
RIL-342, BPCL-368, HPCL-378, ONGC-402, SBI-498
11. Which is the world's first mobile virus? Ans. Cabir
12. India's Rank in HDI is .......(115, 132, 105, 126) Ans. 126
13. Most admired Company in top 1000 (Microsoft, GE, GM, Cadbury) Ans. GE
14. Who is the current President of NASSCOM? Ans. Mr. Kiran Karnik
15. Which is not a member of the European Union (Switzerland, Portugal, Spain, Germany)
Ans. Switzerland
Sample GK questions for your reference
(Questions specifically on foreign trade, WTO, and international business)
1.
Identify the INCORRECT statement about GATT.
(1)
India was among the 23 original signatories of GATT.
(2)
GATT too was constituted at the Bretton Woods conference along with the IMF
and World Bank.
(3)
After GATT was set up in 1947, there was a series of negotiating rounds
culminating in Uruguay round, finally signed at Marrakech.
(4)
None of the above.
2.
What does TRIMS stand for?
(1)
Trade Related International Movements (both goods and services).
(2)
Trade in Resources, which are Internationally Mobilized.
(3)
Trade Related Investment Measures.
(4)
Trade Rising in International Markets.
3.
Ministerial Conference (the apex decision making body) of WTO is held every two years.
The last one held at ……
(1)
Cancun (2) Singapore
(3)
Hong Kong (4) Doha
4.
The following has NOT been a venue of WTO ministerial conference till now.
(1)
Singapore (2) Geneva
(3)
Seattle (4) New York
5.
The classification of subsides in different boxes of amber, blue and green, at WTO is
done in the area of:
(1)
Agriculture (2) Textiles
(3)
Pharmaceuticals (4) Services
6.
Which one of the following issues was NOT an impediment at Cancun?
(1)
Agriculture reforms (2) Dispute settlement
(3)
Competition issue (4) Transparency issue
7.
The country’s first corporatised port is at:
(1)
Ennore (2) Vishakhapatnam
(3)
Cochin (4) Mormugao
8.
‘National treatment’ provisions under the WTO implies
(1)
treating one’s different trading partners equally.
(2)
equal treatment for foreign and domestic goods and services once the foreign
goods have entered domestic market.
(3)
treating one’s trading partner preferentially than domestic traders.
(4)
giving special treatment to goods and services produced in domestic market.
9.
Which is the world’s biggest exporting nation?
(1)
Japan
(2)
USA
(3)
Germany
(4)
China
10.
The last country to join WTO on October 13, 2004 is
(1)
Cambodia (2) Brazil
(3)
Botswana (4) Chad
11.
Which of the following became the first company to cross the 50 million subscriber mark
in mobile phone services?
(1)
Reliance Communications (2) Vodafone
(3)
BSNL (4) Bharti Airtel
12.
Which of the following Countries is not a member of WTO?
(1)
Brazil (2) Pakistan
(3)
China (4) Russia
13.
A complaint in WTO is processed at:
(1)
The GATT – Bretton woods standing committee
(2)
The trade policy review body
(3)
The dispute settlement body
(4)
The General Council
14.
Iran, Iraq and North Korea (President Bush’s axis of evil),
(1)
are permanent WTO members.
(2)
have observer status in WTO.
(3)
have been imposed sanctions and boycotted by WTO.
(4)
have no formal association with WTO.
15.
EPCG starts for
(1)
Excise protection of Capital goods
(2)
Export promotion Capital goods
(3)
Earnings provided by Capital goods
(4)
Excelling in performance through capital goods
16.
‘Cairns Group’ is a group of countries that accounts for more than 20% of global exports
of:
(1)
Wildlife (2) Agriculture
(3)
Textiles (4) Jems and Jwellery
17.
India’s major competitor in exporting tea worldwide is
(1)
Sri Lanka (2) Thailand
(3)
Russia (4) Myanmar
18.
Japan, Australia and China have imposed bans on fruits, like Mangoes and Grapes, from
India on account of presence of fruit flies. This would come under
(1)
tariff barriers (2) sanitary and phytosanitary measures
(3)
dumping (4) non trade barrier
19.
The Apex body regulating foreign trade in India is
(1)
Federation of India Export Organisation (FIEO)
(2)
Export Promotion Council, India
(3)
Exim Bank
(4)
Ministry of Foreign Trade
20.
The US corporation which acquired the basmati patent:
(1)
Monsanto (2) Rice tech
(3)
DuPont (4) Dow
21.
A specifically delineated duty free enclave, deemed to be a foreign territory, for the
purposes of trade operations of duties and tariffs is known as SEZ. It stands for
(1)
Special Economic Zone (2) Special Export Zone
(3)
Specifically Export Zone (4) Specific Economic Zone
22.
Which of the following has tied up with lifestyle design company Giorgio Armani for the
design of its portable devices recently?
(1)
Samsung (2) Sony
(3)
Nokia (4) LG
23.
Which of the following sells its automotive batteries at shops branded ‘Powerzone’?
(1)
Standard Furukawa
(2)
Amara Raja
(3)
Exide Industries
(4)
Tata Auto-components Company (TACO)
24.
Which of the statements is NOT correct, in reference to the trends in Indian exports, over
the past 10 years?
(1)
The share of manufactured goods in total exports has increased.
(2)
Exports in petroleum products have declined sharply.
(3)
India’s exports to Asia and Oceania, Africa, America and Latin American
countries have seen an upward trend.
(4)
India’s exports to West Europe have plummeted.
25.
A currency that has a continuing high level of demand, relative to supply, in the market
of foreign exchange is often called as
(1)
soft currency (2) hard currency
(3)
cold currency (4) hot currency
26.
India has a share of .67% of world exports, whereas China’s share is
(1)
2% (2) 3.9%
(3)
5% (4) 4.2%
27.
In the centre state financial relations in India, Gadgil formula is used in:
(1)
division of tax revenues.
(2)
formulating the policy for fresh borrowings.
(3)
writing off state’s indebt ness to the center.
(4)
allocating central plan assistance between states.
28.
‘Non tariff’ barriers imply
(1)
regulations relating to environment, health and safety (EHS) to restrict
international trade.
(2)
imposing high duties on imported goods.
(3)
applying physical barriers and check points to prevent inflow of foreign goods.
(4)
None of the above
29.
The ‘Theory of Comparative Advantage’ in Economics is related to
(1)
Welfare Economics
(2)
Managerial Economics
(3)
International Economics
(4)
Micro Economics
30.
WTO is often criticized for being anti democratic. But the fact most contrary to it, is that
(1)
dispute resolution is achieved at the WTO by consensus.
(2)
all views can be expressed at ‘People Forum’ just outside WTO, HQ in Geneva.
(3)
there are substantial elected officials at WTO.
(4)
every one, of the 148 members, has a veto over changing rules.
31.
The vast expansion of international trade, in the second half of the 20th century, owed
much to
(1)
a new method of shipping goods in containers.
(2)
the opening up of Brazil, South America’s largest market.
(3)
Change in the economic rationale of new economists, who encouraged
international trade.
(4)
Industrial revolution.
32.
The tariff, imposed on imports to offset the impact of subsidy given by government in the
country of origin of commodity, is known as:
(1)
Anti dumping duty (2) Customs duty
(3)
Countervailing duty (4) Ad Valorem duty
33.
The stocks of commodities held by the countries or international organizations to
moderate the price fluctuations are called:
(1)
Contingency stocks (2) Buffer stocks
(3)
Shock absorbing stocks (4) Emergency stocks
34.
The difference in value over a period of time of a country’s imports and exports of
merchandise is known as:
(1)
Balance of Trade (2) Balance of Payment
(3)
Export import balance (4) Trade gap
35.
‘Dollar drain’ implies:
(1)
Sharp devaluation of dollar, thus value of dollar going down the drain.
(2)
a situation when country’s imports from USA exceed its export to USA, resulting
in dollar reserves plummeting.
(3)
fake US dollars flooding financial markets.
(4)
None of the above
36.
Tarapore Committee is associated with:
(1)
select markets and thrust products.
(2)
implementation of SEZs.
(3)
utilizing the burgeoning forex reserves.
(4)
capital account convertibility.
37.
Which of these has brands like CellOne for its mobile services, Bfone for fixed line
telephone and Tarang for CDMA-based WLL limited mobility phones?
(1)
Reliance Communications
(2)
MTNL
(3)
BSNL
(4)
Bharti Airtel
38.
Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the regional grouping ASEAN?
(1)
Singapore (2) Brunei
(3)
Thailand (4) China
39.
Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation
(BIMSTEC) does NOT have following country as its member.
(1)
Bangladesh (2) Nepal
(3)
Sri Lanka (4) Thailand
40.
A small country that is economically dependent on a single export commodity and is
typically governed by a dictator or armed forces is known as
(1)
Banana Republic
(2)
Eggs in Single Basket Republic
(3)
Weather Republic
(4)
Crutches Republic
41.
Which advertising agency devised the campaign for the change of brand name Hutch to
Vodafone recently?
(1)
Rediffusion DYR (2) Ogilvy & Mather
(3)
J Walter Thompson (4) McCann Ericsson
42.
Tripitakas are the sacred books of:
(1)
Jainism (2) Buddhism
(3)
Hinduism (4) Shaivism
43.
The Great Bath of the Indus Valley Civilization was discovered in:
(1)
Harappa (2) Lothal
(3)
Mohenjodaro (4) Ropar
44.
Buland Darwaza, built by Akbar, is to commemorate the victory of
(1)
Orrisa (2) Bengal
(3)
Delhi (4) Gujrat
45.
The latest Global Information Technology Report ranks India
(1)
40th (2) 50th
(3)
14th (4) 15th
46.
Which company recently launched a premium prêt denim line in the Indian fashion arena,
co–branding it with John Abraham?
(1)
Killer (2) Wrangler
(3)
Lee Copper (4) Milky Way
47.
Which company is planning to launch a multi–purpose vehicle called “Ingenio”?
(1)
Mahindra and Mahindra (2) Maruti Udyog
(3)
Eicher Motors (4) Isuzu Motors
48.
The well–known confectionary brand “Nutrine” has been acquired by
(1)
Cadbury (2) Modern Foods
(3)
Godrej Beverages and Foods (4) Perfetti
49.
Which company joined hands with Nasscom (National Association of Software and
Service Companies) and Tata Teleservices for developing 65 village resource centres to
provide valuable information in education, healthcare and agriculture through wireless
connectivity to residents of nine coastal States?
(1)
Computer Associates (2) CISCO
(3)
Qualcomm (4) Motorola
50.
Pick out the incorrect pair.
(1)
Rajat Gupta – McKinsey and Company
(2)
Arun Sarin – Vodafone
(3)
Arun Netravali – Bell Labs
(4)
Rajesh Hukku – IBM
51.
ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL) has recently won a joint bid to acquire Omimex De
Columbia, a Columbian oil firm, in partnership with:
(1)
Rosnfet (2) Sinopec
(3)
Malaysian Oil Bhd (4) Reliance Petrochemical
52.
With the presence in 27 countries.... which company is called "three oceans"?
(1)
Sanyo (2) Microsoft
(3)
Sun Microsys (4) Nokia
53.
Which country is famous for Lego?
(1)
Australia (2) Denmark
(3)
Czechoslovakia (4) India
54.
Which auto major's head quarter is known as four cylinder tower?
(1)
Toyota (2) Mahindra
(3)
BMW (4) Ford
55.
"Bata" shoes originated in which country:
(1)
Czechoslovakia (2) India
(3)
Korea (4) USA
56.
Which former Indian test cricketer is the representative of Musco lighting in India?
(1)
Sachin Tendulkar (2) Kapil Dev
(3)
Ravi Shastri (4) Mohinder Amarnath
57.
Zzapi Nercor is the mascot of which Indian pizza company?
(1)
Pizza Corner (2) Pizza Hut
(3)
Spicy Pizza (4) None of these
58.
Top Gear is the retail outlet of which Indian company?
(1)
HP (2) BP
(3)
IOC (4) NACL
59.
Which search engine was first named Architext and created by a group of Stanford
University grads?
(1)
MSN (2) Search
(3)
Excite (4) Dot Com
60.
What is the name of ‘Tainwala Chemicals' mosquito repellant brand?
(1)
Good Night (2) Moon Light
(3)
All Out (4) Casper
61.
Which company is the official ice-cream supplier to Wimbledon?
(1)
Wall's (2) Vadilal
(3)
Amul (4) None of these
62.
Which was the first insurance company in India to start a 24 hour call centre?
(1)
LIC (2) Reliance General Insurance
(3)
Tata AIG (4) HDFC
63.
Rasik Dhariwal is the owner of which Gutkha company?
(1)
Baba (2) Manikchand
(3)
Panparag (4) Manikram
64.
Which Indian retail chain was started by former Carona employee B.S Nagesh?
(1)
Shopper's Stop (2) Big Bazar
(3)
Landmark (4) Westside
65.
Which company was first founded and registered in Delaware, US as Quantum Computer
Services?
(1)
LOA (2) AOL
(3)
Oracle (4) Microsoft
66.
MAT expands to …..
(1)
Medium Advisory Tax (2) Minimum Accounted Tax
(3)
Minimum Automated Tax (4) Minimum Alternate Tax
67.
Which of the following represents the expansion of ‘T’ in ‘TIN’?
(1)
Trade (2) Tax
(3)
Transmission (4) Total
68.
Awaz is the Hindi business news channel that belongs to the stable of …
(1)
NDTV (2) CNBC TV 18
(3)
Zee News (4) Sony TV
69.
‘Make your own road’ is the catchphrase that you would associate with….
(1)
Chevrolet Tavera (2) ata Safari
(3)
Tata Sumo (4) Ford Endeavor
70.
The maximum revenue to the government comes from….
(1)
Service tax (2) Custom duty
(3)
Excise duty (4) Income tax
71.
Identify the indirect tax from the given options.
(1)
Wealth Tax (2) Gift Tax
(3)
Sales Tax (4) Corporation Tax
72.
Which of the following represents the expansion of ‘R’ in RFID?
(1)
Regional (2) Radio
(3)
Recorded (4) Reliance
73.
This bank, in collaboration with NGOs, launched the ’social card’ for those people who
want to contribute to the welfare of the society but either do not have time to do so or do
not know which because they would like to support. Can you identify the name of the
bank in question from the given options?
(1)
Canara Bank (2) SBI
(3)
Punjab National Bank (4) Bank of India
74.
Which of these became the first cellular service provider in India to launch a call filter
service countrywide that would allow subscribers to filter incoming calls by blocking
specific numbers recently?
(1)
Reliance Communications (2) Vodafone
(3)
BSNL (4) Bharti Airtel
75.
The year in which the World Bank was incorporated in the UN system was….
(1)
1994 (2) 1946
(3)
1947 (4) 1949
76.
Which of the following personalities is the author of ‘Jeh: A Life of JRD Tata’?
(1)
RM Lala (2) BK Dadabhoy
(3)
Dwijendra Tripathi (4) BK Karanjia
77.
Identify the incorrect match. Automobile company Car Model
(1)
Fiat Automobiles Panda (2) Skoda Automobiles Fabia
(3)
Honda Automobiles Civic (4) All of them are matched properly
78.
Where was Motorola’s sixth global design centre, its first in India, launched?
(1)
Bangalore (2) Chennai
(3)
Delhi (4) Pune
79.
Which insurance company runs a credit card business in a joint venture with GE Money
and Corporation Bank?
(1)
Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) (2) Bajaj Allianz
(3)
Birla Sun Life (4) Aviva Life Insurance
80.
Which promoter family sold off its stake in India Cements in 2007?
(1)
Murugappa (2) Sankar
(3)
Srinivasan (4) Iyengar
81.
Prannoy Roy’s “NDTV MetroNation” is the first city specific English language channel
that was launched in _____ recently.
(1)
Delhi (2) Chennai
(3)
Mumbai (4) Bangalore
82.
What is the DTH service launched recently by Chennai based Sun TV Group called?
(1)
Sun Sky (2) Sun Satellite
(3)
Sun Network (4) Sun Direct
83.
Which entertainment channel launched a nationwide hunt for India’s first space tourist?
(1)
Zee Café (2) Zone Reality
(3)
Bindass (4) Zee
84.
BigStreet is the out-of-home (OOH) advertising venture of ___________
(1)
Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group (ADAG)
(2)
Mudra
(3)
Nimbus
(4)
Sahara India
85.
Which is the first magazine from Condé Nast, world’s leading publisher of lifestyle and
fashion magazines, launched in India?
(1)
Vogue (2) Glamour
(3)
Condé Nast Traveller (4) Vanity Fair
86.
Where would you find your deltoid muscle?
(1)
Big muscle on the shoulder
(2)
Big muscle on the feet
(3)
Big muscle on the thyroid
(4)
Big muscle on the elbow
87.
American police have SWAT teams, what do the initials stand for?
(1)
Special Weapons & Tactics
(2)
Specialized Weapons & Tactics
(3)
Specialized Warriors & Technique
(4)
None of these
88.
Which public sector oil refining major launched a pilot project to build cinema halls at its
highways fuel stations in Gujarat and tied up with Cinemata, a film distribution unit of
SET?
(1)
IOC (2) BPCL
(3)
HPCL (4) IBP
89.
Which of these acquired the acquisition of polyester and textile manufacturing assets of
the Malaysia-based Hualon Corporation?
(1)
Tata Chemicals (2) Aditya Birla Nuvo
(3)
Reliance Industries Ltd (4) Arvind Mills
90.
Which of these owns the Star Bazaar hypermarket brand in India?
(1)
Trent (2) Future Group
(3)
Shopper’s Stop (4) Reliance Retail
91.
Rural retail chain, Hariyali Kisaan Bazaar, is owned by________
(1)
DCM Shriram (2) ITC Agro
(3)
Mahindra & Mahindra (4) Chambal Fertilsers
92.
Which famous European company was founded by cousins of Communist ideologue Karl
Marx?
(1)
Siemens (2) Philips
(3)
Bayer (4) Volkswagen
93.
Which acid gives nettles their sting?
(1)
Formic acid (2) Acetic acid
(3)
Carbonic acid (4) Sulphuric acid
94.
For their discovery of what did Watson, Crick and Evans win the 1962 Nobel Prize for
medicine?
(1)
WBC (2) RNA
(3)
DNA (4) Genes
95.
‘Air Wick’ is the air freshener brand from:
(1)
Reckitt Benckiser (2) Godrej Sara Lee
(3)
Marico Industries (4) Hindustan Unilever
96.
Which was the album the Beatles recorded the last time together?
(1)
Abbey Road (2) Any Road
(3)
Every thing for you (4) Hard days night
97.
Who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
(1)
Leonardo da Vinci (2) Michelangelo
(3)
MF Hussain (4) None of these
98.
What is the sport in which you could get into a headlock?
(1)
Wrestling (2) Rugby
(3)
Baseball (4) Boxing
99.
Which business family owns the world’s oldest active sailing ship, ‘The Foundroyant’
which started its life in Mumbai in 1817?
(1)
Wadia (2) Tata
(3)
Godrej (4) Bajaj
100.
Which is the country where reggae music originated?
(1)
Barbados (2) USA
(3)
Russia (4) Jamaica
Answers Key
Answers Key
1.(4) 2.(3) 3.(3) 4.(4) 5.(1) 6.(2) 7.(1) 8.(2) 9.(2) 10.(1)
11.(4) 12.(4) 13.(3) 14.(4) 15.(2) 16.(2) 17.(1) 18.(2) 19.(1) 20.(2)
21.(1) 22.(4) 23.(2) 24.(2) 25.(2) 26.(2) 27.(4) 28.(1) 29.(1) 30.(4)
31.(1) 32.(3) 33.(2) 34.(1) 35.(2) 36.(4) 37.(3) 38.(4) 39.(2) 40.(1)
41.(2) 42.(2) 43.(3) 44.(4) 45.(1) 46.(2) 47.(1) 48.(3) 49.(3) 50.(4)
51.(2) 52.(1) 53.(2) 54.(3) 55.(1) 56.(2) 57.(1) 58.(3) 59.(3) 60.(4)
61.(1) 62.(3) 63.(2) 64.(1) 65.(2) 66.(4) 67.(2) 68.(2) 69.(2) 70.(3)
71.(3) 72.(2) 73.(2) 74.(2) 75.(3) 76.(2) 77.(4) 78.(1) 79.(1) 80.(2)
81.(1) 82.(4) 83.(3) 84.(1) 85.(1) 86.(1) 87.(1) 88.(2) 89.(3) 90.(1)
91.(1) 92.(2) 93.(1) 94.(3) 95.(2) 96.(1) 97.(2) 98.(1) 99.(1) 100.(4)
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